Demographics
Foreign-Born Population


Foreign-Born Population

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What does this measure?

The percentage of the population in a region that is foreign-born, which includes anyone who is not a U.S. citizen at birth. People who become U.S. citizens through naturalization are considered foreign-born.

Why is this important?

Foreign-born Americans and their descendants have historically been a main driver of population growth, and that role will only increase in the future. According to the Pew Research Center, new immigrants and their children and grandchildren accounted for 55% of the U.S. population increase from 193 million in 1965 to 324 million in 2015. Pew projects the population will grow to 441 million in 2065 and that 88% of the increase is linked to future immigrants and their descendants. This measure also is a reflection of the composition of a community, which can offer insight into its levels of diversity.

How is our county doing?

In 2017-21, 18% of the population in Essex County and 17% the state was foreign-born, slightly higher than the national rate of 14%. Essex County had the largest increase since 2000, increasing 7 percentage points, while the state and nation increased by 5 and 3 points, respectively.

Within Essex County, the cities of Lawrence (41%) and Lynn (35%) had by far the largest proportions of foreign-born residents, followed by Methuen (23%), and Peabody and Salem (16% and 14% respectively). Lynn and Lawrence also had the two greatest increases in rate since 2000 of 12 and 10 percentage points, respectively.

How do we compare to similar counties?

Essex County had the lowest percentage of foreign-born residents in 2017-21. Westchester, NY had the largest share, at 25%, followed by Middlesex, MA at 22% and Lake, IL at 19%. All comparison counties had an increase in foreign-born residents. Essex and Middlesex had the greatest increases since 2000, gaining 7 percentage points each, while Westchester and Lake both increased by 3 and 4 points respectively.

Notes about the data

The multiyear figures are from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey. The bureau combined 5 years of responses to the survey to provide estimates for smaller geographic areas and increase the precision of its estimates. However, because the information came from a survey, the samples responding to the survey were not always large enough to produce reliable results, especially in small geographic areas. CGR has noted on data tables the estimates with relatively large margins of error. Estimates with three asterisks have the largest margins, plus or minus 50% or more of the estimate. Two asterisks mean plus or minus 35%-50%, and one asterisk means plus or minus 20%-35%. For all estimates, the confidence level is 90%, meaning there is 90% probability the true value (if the whole population were surveyed) would be within the margin of error (or confidence interval). The survey provides data on characteristics of the population that used to be collected only during the decennial census. Data for this indicator are released annually in December.

Foreign-Born Population
20002007-112012-162017-21
Essex County, MA11%15%16%18%
Amesbury5%*4%*6%*
Beverly5%6%6%9%
Gloucester5%8%8%10%*
Haverhill7%10%9%12%
Lawrence31%36%39%41%
Lynn23%30%33%35%
Methuen11%15%17%23%
Newburyport4%10%*6%*7%**
Peabody11%14%15%16%
Salem12%17%15%14%
Andover10%13%16%17%
Boxford5%6%**5%*6%**
Danvers4%6%*7%*10%*
Essex6%2%***4%***2%***
Georgetown3%2%**4%*3%**
Groveland4%4%**3%***3%***
Hamilton4%8%***10%*8%*
Ipswich4%3%*4%*6%**
Lynnfield5%9%*9%*8%*
Manchester5%4%**8%**6%**
Marblehead7%7%*9%8%*
Merrimac2%2%***4%***5%***
Middleton4%8%*10%*8%*
Nahant7%7%**7%**7%**
Newbury4%5%**4%***3%***
North Andover8%10%12%12%
Rockport6%6%**2%*4%**
Rowley2%2%***3%***3%***
Salisbury4%1%**5%*5%**
Saugus5%11%12%15%
Swampscott8%13%*11%*19%*
Topsfield7%8%**8%**6%**
Wenham4%4%***7%*5%*
West Newbury3%4%***2%***6%**
Middlesex County, MA15%19%20%22%
Lake County, IL15%18%18%19%
Westchester County, NY22%25%26%25%
Massachusetts12%15%16%17%
United States11%13%13%14%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Notes: Multiyear results are from rolling American Community Survey. * Margin of error between 20% & 35% of estimate; ** margin of error between 35% & 50%; *** margin of error greater than 50%.




Number of Foreign-Born People
20002007-112012-162017-21
Essex County, MA82,039108,793121,786144,366
Amesbury850*728*1,052*
Beverly2,0952,3972,5953,955
Gloucester1,6082,1782,4412,861*
Haverhill4,0856,0675,3347,923
Lawrence22,01127,38030,90136,230
Lynn20,34826,59830,75735,504
Methuen4,8866,9598,43911,940
Newburyport7091,705*1,003*1,350**
Peabody5,4116,9058,0318,753
Salem4,8096,9016,3546,210
Andover3,1704,4465,5526,186
Boxford386458**443*504**
Danvers1,1171,483*1,928*2,737*
Essex18971***147***88***
Georgetown190148**331*269**
Groveland231227**221***212***
Hamilton319593***796*630*
Ipswich470424*573*817**
Lynnfield5811,047*1,068*1,064*
Manchester263196**417**330**
Marblehead1,3631,447*1,8031,693*
Merrimac110110***242***311***
Middleton321736*926*826*
Nahant257228**247**234**
Newbury286301**277***178***
North Andover2,1912,7273,4193,585
Rockport455399**169*246**
Rowley136120***184***175***
Salisbury32491**462*472**
Saugus1,3202,9183,4224,293
Swampscott1,1731,853*1,636*2,871*
Topsfield416456**509**373**
Wenham177203***349*232*
West Newbury118171***82***262**
Middlesex County, MA223,465279,480312,838355,581
Lake County, IL95,536126,700129,408133,276
Westchester County, NY205,429232,468247,410253,071
Massachusetts772,983957,4141,061,4611,209,717
United States31,107,88939,268,83842,194,35444,844,808

Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Notes: Multiyear results are from rolling American Community Survey. * Margin of error between 20% & 35% of estimate; ** margin of error between 35% & 50%; *** margin of error greater than 50%.




INDICATORS TREND | ESSEX COUNTY
People 65 or Older Living Alone Decreasing
Early Prenatal Care by Mother's Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Prevalence of Overweight Adults Not Applicable
Preterm Births Increasing
Infant Mortality Rate Maintaining
Children with Elevated Blood Lead Levels Decreasing
Children Living in Poverty Increasing
Children Living in Poverty by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Disengaged Youth Maintaining
Live Births to Teen Mothers Decreasing
Youth Arrests Decreasing
Arts, Entertainment and Recreation Establishments Maintaining
Arts, Entertainment and Recreation Employment Maintaining
Tourism Spending Increasing
Voter Participation Rate Increasing
Charitable Contributions Maintaining
Protected Land Not Applicable
Days with Good Air Quality Increasing
Beach Contamination Increasing
Daily Water Use per Resident Decreasing
Crimes Against People Maintaining
Crimes Against Property Decreasing
Drug-Related Arrests Maintaining
Reports of Domestic Violence Increasing
Incarceration Rates Decreasing
Recidivism Decreasing
Households Without Vehicles Decreasing
Means of Transportation to Work Not Applicable
Traffic Injuries and Fatalities Maintaining
Households With Internet Access Not Applicable
Change in Total Population Increasing
Change in Population by Age/Sex Not Applicable
People with Disabilities Maintaining
Households by Type Not Applicable
Single-Parent Families by Sex Not Applicable
Single-Parent Families by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Change in Population by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Foreign-Born Population Increasing
Language Diversity Increasing
Change in Total Jobs Increasing
Change in Jobs by Sector Not Applicable
Change in Average Salary Increasing
Change in Average Salary by Sector Not Applicable
Average Salary by Sector Not Applicable
Median Earnings by Occupation by Gender Not Applicable
People Entering/Leaving County for Work Not Applicable
Employer Size Not Applicable
Self-Employment Revenue Increasing
Business Ownership by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Unemployment Rate Increasing
Unemployment Rate by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Prekindergarten Participation Not Applicable
Female Enrollment in School Not Applicable
Chronically Absent Students Increasing
Per-Student Spending Increasing
Bullying Decreasing
Student Performance on Grade 3 Reading Not Applicable
Student Performance on Grade 8 Math by Student Group Not Applicable
Student Performance on Grade 10 English Language Arts Not Applicable
Student Performance on Grade 10 Math Not Applicable
High School Cohort Graduation Rate Increasing
High School Cohort Graduation Rate by Student Group Not Applicable
Education Levels of Adults Not Applicable
Bachelor's Degree or Higher by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Income in Relation to Poverty Level Not Applicable
People Living in Poverty by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Median Household Income Increasing
Median Household Income by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Median Household Income by Household Type Not Applicable
Living Wage Rate by Household Type Not Applicable
Access to Financial Services, by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Households Receiving Temporary Assistance Increasing
Households Receiving Federal Food Assistance Increasing
Participation in Food Assistance by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Earned Income Tax Credit Participation Decreasing
Economically Disadvantaged Students Increasing
Median Home Value Increasing
Cost of Homeownership Increasing
Cost of Renting Increasing
Homeownership Rates Maintaining
Homeownership Rates by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Homeless Persons Maintaining
People Without Health Insurance Decreasing
Medical Care Expenses Increasing
Prevalence of Children with Asthma Maintaining
Prevalence of Overweight Children Maintaining
Diabetes Incidence Decreasing
Chronic Disease Among Older Adults Increasing
Cancer Incidence Decreasing
Cancer Mortality Rate Decreasing
Heart Disease Mortality Rate Decreasing
Mortality Rate Decreasing
People who Smoke Not Applicable
Use of Illegal Drugs Not Applicable
Youth Use of Illegal Drugs Not Applicable
Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions Not Applicable
Drug Overdose Mortality Rate Increasing
Prevalence of Mental Illness Maintaining
Suicide Rate Maintaining
Children Living in Poverty by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Single-Parent Families by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Change in Population by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Unemployment Rate by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Student Performance on Grade 3 Reading Not Applicable
Student Performance on Grade 8 Math by Student Group Not Applicable
Student Performance on Grade 10 English Language Arts Not Applicable
Student Performance on Grade 10 Math Not Applicable
High School Cohort Graduation Rate by Student Group Not Applicable
Bachelor's Degree or Higher by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
People Living in Poverty by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Median Household Income by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Participation in Food Assistance by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable
Homeownership Rates by Race/Ethnicity Not Applicable